Nutritional Aspects in Pediatric Tuberculosis Cases Among Children Aged 0-5 Years
Unduhan
Background: Children aged 0-5 years are the age group at the highest risk of contracting tuberculosis. This infectious disease is closely related to nutritional aspects in children. These aspects include nutritional intake, exclusive breastfeeding, nutritional status, and history of infectious diseases. This study aims to explore the nutritional aspects of pediatric tuberculosis cases among children aged 0-5 Years.
Methods: This study employed a qualitative case-study approach, involving in-depth interviews with informants and document analysis. The study included five primary informants, namely mothers of children aged 0-5 years diagnosed with tuberculosis, and three supporting informants, comprising two village midwives and one tuberculosis program officer at Sumbang I Public Health Center, Sumbang Dist. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis.
Results: Loss of appetite and weight loss were observed in toddlers after tuberculosis infection, which gradually improved with treatment. There was a balanced distribution between good and poor nutritional status among the toddlers. Tuberculosis bacteria can infect children regardless of nutritional status if the immune system is suboptimal. Children who received exclusive breastfeeding were still susceptible to tuberculosis infection.
Conclusion: Mothers fulfilled the nutritional needs of toddlers. Nutritional status and exclusive breastfeeding did not directly influence the infection.
Unduhan
Kementrian Kesehatan RI. Pedoman Nasional Pelayanan Kedokteran Tata Laksana Tuberkulosis. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2020.
World Health Organization (WHO). Global Tuberculosis Report 2020. Geneva: 2022.
DeAtley T, Workman L, Theron G, Bélard S, Prins M, Bateman L, et al. The child ecosystem and childhood pulmonary tuberculosis: A South African perspective. Pediatric Pulmonology 2021;56:2212–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.25369.
Gutiérrez-González LH, Juárez E, Carranza C, Carreto-Binaghi LE, Alejandre A, Cabello-Gutiérrrez C, et al. Immunological Aspects of Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Tuberculosis. Infection and Drug Resistance 2021;14:929–46. https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S295798.
Abimulyani Y, Kainde Y, Mansyur T, Siregar N. Analisis Faktor Risiko TB paru Anak yang Tinggal Serumah dengan Penderita TB paru Dewasa. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Research 2023;4:312–8. https://doi.org/10.47065/jharma.v4i2.3671.
Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Banyumas. Profil Kesehatan 2022. Banyumas: 2023.
Dhanny DR, Sefriantina S. Hubungan Asupan Energi, Asupan Protein dan Status Gizi terhadap Kejadian Tuberkulosis pada Anak. Muhammadiyah Journal of Nutrition and Food Science (MJNF) 2022;2:58. https://doi.org/10.24853/mjnf.2.2.58-68.
Feleke BE, Feleke TE, Biadglegne F. Nutritional status of tuberculosis patients, a comparative cross-sectional study. BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019;19:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-019-0953-0.
Kant S, Gupta H, Ahluwalia S. Significance of nutrition in pulmonary tuberculosis. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 2015;55:955–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2012.679500.
Fâcă AI, Udeanu DI, Arsene AL, Mahler B, Drăgănescu D, Apetroaei M-M. Nutritional Deficiencies and Management in Tuberculosis: Pharmacotherapeutic and Clinical Implications. Nutrients 2025;17. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17111878.
Morris SK, Giroux RJP, Consunji-Araneta R, Stewart K, Baikie M, Kakkar F, et al. Epidemiology, clinical features and outcomes of incident tuberculosis in children in Canada in 2013-2016: results of a national surveillance study. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2021;106:1165–70. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2021-322092.
Brooks MB, Malik A, Khan S, Ahmed JF, Siddiqui S, Jaswal M, et al. Predictors of unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcomes in children from a prospective cohort study in Pakistan. Journal of Global Health 2021;11:4011. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.11.04011.
Paun AHBIPR. Analisis faktor resiko kejadian tuberkulosis pada anak di wilayah kota Kupang. Public Health Risk Assesment Journal 2023.
Vázquez Rosales JG, Acosta Gallegos C, Miranda Novales MG, Fuentes Pacheco YDC, Labra Zamora MG, Pacheco Rosas DO, et al. [A case-series analysis of tuberculosis in pediatric patients treated in a tertiary level hospital]. Boletin medico del Hospital Infantil de Mexico 2017;74:27–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmhimx.2016.10.008.
Ardhani P, Oktamianti P, Manurung NIL. the Effect of Nutritional Interventions on the Success Treatment of Tuberculosis in Children: Literature Review. Prepotif : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 2023;7:16243–54. https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v7i3.20058.
Martin SJ, Sabina EP. Malnutrition and Associated Disorders in Tuberculosis and Its Therapy. Journal of Dietary Supplements 2019;16:602–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2018.1472165.
Ockenga J, Fuhse K, Chatterjee S, Malykh R, Rippin H, Pirlich M, et al. Tuberculosis and malnutrition: The European perspective. Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) 2023;42:486–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2023.01.016.
Araf PM Al, Airlangga E. The Body Weights’ Follow Up Before and After 6 Months Therapy of Oral Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy in Children in Medan, Sumatra Utara. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 2019;7:3469–71. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.448.
Sharma S, Sarin R, Sahu G, Shukla G. Demographic profile, clinical and microbiological predictors of mortality amongst admitted pediatric TB patients in a tertiary referral tuberculosis hospital. The Indian Journal of Tuberculosis 2020;67:312–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtb.2019.10.001.
Sari RP, Agustin K. Analisis Hubungan Status Gizi Dengan Kejadian Penyakit Infeksi Pada Anak Balita Di Posyandu Wilayah Puskesmas Colomadu I. Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Dan Kebidanan 2023;14:171–8. https://doi.org/10.26751/jikk.v14i1.1596.
Limenh LW, Kasahun AE, Sendekie AK, Seid AM, Mitku ML, Fenta ET, et al. Tuberculosis treatment outcomes and associated factors among tuberculosis patients treated at healthcare facilities of Motta Town, Northwest Ethiopia: a five-year retrospective study. Scientific Reports 2024;14:7695. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58080-0.
Sahile Z, Tezera R, Haile Mariam D, Collins J, Ali JH. Nutritional status and TB treatment outcomes in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: An ambi-directional cohort study. PLOS ONE 2021;16:e0247945.
Wahid A, Nachrawy T, Armaijn L. KARAKTERISTIK PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS PADA ANAK DI KOTA TERNATE. Kieraha Medical Journal 2021;3:15–20. https://doi.org/10.33387/kmj.v3i1.3264.
Bunga E, Umbul W C, Basuki H. Pengaruh Lingkungan Fisik Rumah, Riwayat Kontak Dan Status Gizi Terhadap Kejadian Tuberkulosis Anak Di Kota Kupang. Jurnal Pangan Gizi Dan Kesehatan 2022;11:81–96. https://doi.org/10.51556/ejpazih.v11i2.215.
Sinha AK, Debata I, Pradhan PC, Panda PS, Behera BK, Mukhopadhyay A. A study to assess the nutritional status and dietary gap among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Raipur city. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 2024;13.
Bacelo AC, do Brasil PEAA, Cople-Rodrigues C dos S, Ingebourg G, Paiva E, Ramalho A, et al. Dietary counseling adherence during tuberculosis treatment: A longitudinal study. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN 2017;17:44–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2016.11.001.
Rahmawati I, Rosita D, Studi Kebidanan P, Kebidanan Islam Al Hikmah Jepara A. BULAN DI PUSKESMAS JEPARA (The Relationship of BCG Immunization and Exclusive Breastfeeding with Tuberculosis Events in Infants Aged 6-12 Months at Jepara Health Center). Jurnal Kesehatan MIDWINERSLION 2021;6.
Setijaningsih T. Gambaran Pemenuhan Nutrisi Pada Balita Stunting Umur 7-23 Bulan Dalam Keluarga di UPTD Puskesmas Sukorejo. Journal of Borneo Holistic Health 2020;3:1–10. https://doi.org/10.35334/borticalth.v3i1.1100.
Pratama Y. Karakteristik Klinis Penyakit Tuberkulosis Paru pada Anak. Jurnal Penelitian Perawat Profesional 2021;3:237–42. https://doi.org/10.37287/jppp.v3i2.403.
Amuge PM, Becker GL, Ssebunya RN, Nalumansi E, Adaku A, Juma M, et al. Patient characteristics and predictors of mortality among children hospitalised with tuberculosis: A six-year case series study in Uganda. PloS One 2024;19:e0301107. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301107.
Liang L, Xiong Q, Wei Z, Xie F, Li H, Wu G. Characteristics and predictors of mortality among infants and toddlers hospitalized with tuberculosis: a ten-year case series study in Sichuan, China. BMC Infectious Diseases 2025;25:785. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-10323-1.
Ramayanti F, Srisantyorini T, Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat P, Kesehatan Masyarakat F, Muhammadiyah Jakarta Jl Ahmad Dahlan UK, Timur C, et al. Environmental Occupational Health and Safety Journal Gambaran Pelayanan Klinik Sanitasi pada Penyakit ISPA dan Tuberkulosis di Masa Pandemi. Environmental Occupational Health and Safety Journal • 2022;3:11–20.
Tsinallah N, Zahran A, Fajrini F, Masyarakat K, Kesehatan Masyarakat F, Muhammadiyah Jakarta U, et al. Peningkatan Pengetahuan Anak Usia Dini Terhadap Perilaku Cuci Tangan Dengan Penerapan Media Modern. Prosiding Seminar Nasional LPPM UMJ 2022:1–6.
Petros de Guex K, Augustino D, Mejan P, Gadiye R, Massong C, Lukumay S, et al. Roadblocks and resilience: A qualitative study of the impact of pediatric tuberculosis on Tanzanian households and solutions from caregivers. Global Public Health 2023;18:2196569. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2023.2196569.
Hak Cipta (c) 2025 The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
